Announcement Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Idealogy Journal (September 2025) - In progress Thank you for your patience. Vol. 10 No. 2 of the Idealogy Journal (September 2025) will be published shortly. We are currently finalizing the PDF for each article and sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this delay may cause. eISSN: 2550-214X (Online) The journal is concerned with high-level investigations of visual arts, performing arts, arts and humanities (miscellaneous) problems and reports current progress in this field. The journal also encourages contributions from the newly emerging areas from many other inter-disciplinary research areas in which the concept of arts and humanities field. Publication Frequency Biannual Frequency: Twice a year (April and September) Publisher Penerbit UiTM (UiTM Press)
UiTM Press (the Publisher) has agreed to publish the undersigned author’s paper in Idealogy Journal. The agreement is contingent upon the fulfilment of a number of requirements listed below. 1. The undersigned author warrants that the paper entitled below is original, that it is not in any way libellous or unlawful in Malaysia, that it does not infringe any copyright or other proprietary right. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to sign and execute this agreement. 2. The undersigned author warrants that the paper entitled below has not been published elsewhere, and also it will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal. 3. By submitting the paper entitled below, the undersigned author agrees to transfer the rights to publish and distribute the paper in an international e-journal (entitled above) to Publisher. 4. The undersigned author agrees to make a reasonable effort to conform to Publisher's submission guidelines and to liaise with the editor to ensure that the requirements of these guidelines are met to a reasonable degree. 5. The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all coauthors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who has obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
From Verbs to Validity: Developing the Wheel for Integrated Scaffolded Evaluation through CEFR and Bloom Linked Reference (WISE-CB)
Bloom's Taxonomy (BT) has been an important part of designing assessments in higher education for a long time. It offers a coherent method for mapping assessment items to specific learning domains or different areas of learning. However, some lecturers continue to have difficulties in its successful application, frequently resulting in examinations that inadequately align with students' language preparedness or cognitive abilities. To tackle this problem, this study presents the Bloom’s Taxonomy–CEFR Reference Kit (WISE-CB), a novel instrument aimed at improving the ability to assess and minimising discrepancies in exam development across higher education programs. The study utilised a qualitative content analysis, bolstered by an extensive literature survey, which incorporated educational taxonomies, lexical frameworks, and psycholinguistic components. The research design unfolded in five phases: (1) identification of BT verbs from foundational and contemporary sources; (2) integration of these verbs with CEFR vocabulary levels (A1–C2) to ensure linguistic appropriateness for diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate learners; (3) evaluation of verb suitability using Cognitive Load Theory to balance working memory demands with task complexity; (4) expert classification and validation by instructional design and English Language Teaching specialists; and (5) development of the Reference Kit, visually represented as a wheel, to serve as a practical scaffold for lecturers in exam question design. The results show that connecting Bloom's cognitive domains with CEFR levels and cognitive load considerations in a systematic way is a new addition. The Reference Kit offers a proven, reproducible framework for higher education lecturers by placing assessment verbs within both cognitive and language dimensions. This invention improves assessment practices, encourages fair testing for students with different levels of skill, and pushes for new ways to instruction in higher education. Keywords: Bloom’s Taxonomy, Higher Education Assessment, CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference), Cognitive Load Theory, Assessment Innovation
Copyright (c) 2026 UiTM Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A A Heideggerian Conceptual Framework of Temporality and Visual Strategy in TikTok: Past, Present, and Future in Digital Engagement
In essence, the rise of TikTok is a temporal phenomenon governed by an algorithmic logic that prioritises instantaneous relevance over static social links. While traditional research attributes virality to technology or psychology. This research argues that a philosophical approach to time is essential for understanding digital participation. By examining Martin Heidegger’s existential phenomenology of ecstatic temporality, which encompasses past (Gewesen), present (Gegenwart), and future (Zukunft), this article introduces novel theoretical insights for analyzing video content strategies on TikTok. On the surface, this method appears as a diagnosis that reveals TikTok creators (and the platform’s algorithm) produce content with time in mind rather than merely making abstract judgments about it. This practice challenges conventional wisdom about determining the “best time to post” content, suggesting that successful material resonates with how real people genuinely experience and navigate time—the past, present, and future. This synthesis of philosophy and digital media studies presents a critical tool for comprehending engagement. It offers both theoretical advancements and practical strategies for content creation in an era characterised by algorithmic temporality. Keywords: Temporality, Martin Heidegger, TikTok, algorithm, digital engagement, visual strategy, social media, philosophy of time
Islamic Perspectives on Market Segmentation: Insights from Qu’ran and the Sunnah
Market segmentation is a classic approach in marketing that focuses on dividing markets into distinct audience groups to send specific messages or provide services. This article explores market segmentation from an Islamic viewpoint using the Qur’an and the Sunnah as primary references. From literature findings, we see that Islamic teachings do acknowledge the diversity of human society and promote ethical communication that is beneficial (maslahah). Moreover, Quranic verses cite differences in age, gender, and background and specific roles. Prophet Muhammad also tailored his approach to different audiences. Basic ethical practices in market segmentation also include fairness (‘adl), sincerity (ikhlas), and avoidance of deceitful practices (gharar). This study suggests that segmentation in Islamic teaching fosters inclusivity, relevance, and impact in the outreach of religious, educational, and community engagements. Furthermore, a practical framework is suggested on the ethical use of segmentation in modern Islamic institutions. Keywords: Islamic marketing, market segmentation, ethics, audience targeting.
Plastic Waste Challenges and Recycling Innovation in Malaysia: From Waste to Wealth Jacquet Suit
Plastic waste is a big problem for people's health and the environment around the world. Plastic makes up the third most waste in the world, and the amount of plastic waste is growing because the world's population and per capita usage are both rising. Malaysia has been the biggest importer of plastic waste in the world since 2017. It keeps an eye on global trends in total plastic waste production and single-use plastic usage. These things make the country's waste management system very difficult to use. This study describes the current state of making and dealing with plastic waste in Malaysia, including options like burning, recycling, and throwing it away. This research focuses on how to recycle used plastic bottles into fashion materials that can be used for something else. This study chose two different types of subjects to find out how plastics are managed in Malaysia right now. Respondents were design students and fashion buyers. Each group looked at a different problem with the hope that the results would help fashion students come up with ideas for making things out of plastic waste. Keywords: waste Plastic bottle, Environment, fashion design.
Copyright (c) 2026 Idealogy Journal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of Visual Merchandising on Consumer Buying Behaviour
The importance of visual merchandising on consumer buying behaviour in a fashion retail store was high. This research has discussed how the main visual merchandising characteristics, such as store layout, lighting, signage and displaying of products, influence the purchase intentions of the consumers. This study was based on a quantitative research design through administering a survey questionnaire to consumers in the fashion retail outlets. The data gathered were analysed through statistical means in order to determine the correlation between the aspects of visual merchandising and buying behaviour among consumers. The results showed that the successful application of visual merchandising techniques, which included clean product displays, proper lighting and the store layouts were important determinants of the purchase intentions among consumers and aroused the impulse buying behaviour. Positive emotional reactions towards the visual stimulation in the retail setting also led to consumer involvement towards the products. The given study has added to the existing body of literature because it used the Stimulus Organism Response (S-O-R) model to clarify how the visual merchandising stimuli affected internal reactions of consumers and the following purchase behaviour. The results were practical to the fashion retailers to create effective visual merchandising strategies to the customer experience and improve retail performance. Keywords: Visual merchandising, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Retail Strategies, Store Design.
Branding Through Art: The Rise of Mural Art with the Concept of Culture and Nature in Business Promotion in Malaysia"
Mural production in Malaysia has received widespread coverage among painters, businesses and the community. Murals are not just for aesthetic purposes; however, other objectives of murals are for promotional purposes for traders as one of the attractions in terms of aesthetic value, theme and the use of cheerful colours as one of the methods of attracting consumers of various ages. The method used to analyse the selected works in this research is based on discussions with traders who want to hold mural paintings in their business spaces. Based on the analysis source, the painter has presented cultural themes and natural resources as themes in the selected works. Traders decided on the themes after discussions. Mural paintings like this should be displayed in public spaces, especially in areas that attract large crowds and in business settings, as they serve as attractions and convey a message that acts as a valuable lesson to the community. Keywords: Branding Through Art, Mural, Culture and Nature, Business Promotion, Malaysia
Kajian Arca ‘Menggenggam Keris’: Representasi Identiti Budaya Melalui Seni Arca Awam Dalam Konteks Budaya Perak
This study provides an in-depth discussion of the innovative outcomes of the public sculpture project titled “Menggenggam Keris”, produced through a grant-based initiative and collaboration with the Perak State Government and supported by funding from a local concession company. The sculpture features the image of a hand gripping a keris, symbolizing strength, heritage, unity, and the sovereignty of the Malay community while contemporarily representing local cultural aspirations. This study focuses on the meanings, symbolism, and design aspects including material and color selection as well as the potential of this sculpture as a medium of visual communication in public space. It also examines the collaborative process between academic institutions, local authorities, and the community in realizing this sculpture as a landmark in Bagan Datoh, Perak. Comparative references are made to public sculpture works by prominent Malaysian artists such as Raja Shahriman Raja Aziddin, Ariffin Ismail, and Ramlan Abdullah to evaluate the position of this work within the national public sculpture discourse. The study demonstrates that sculptures grounded in local symbols and community values are capable of creating significant visual impact and meaning within the contemporary cultural landscape. ABSTRAK Kajian ini membincangkan penciptaan dan penghayatan arca awam bertajuk “Menggenggam Keris” yang dibina di Dataran Jeti Bagan Datuk, Perak. Arca ini merupakan hasil projek kolaboratif antara Universiti Teknologi MARA, pihak berkuasa tempatan dan komuniti setempat sempena program Tahun Melawat Perak 2024. Karya ini mengangkat keris sebagai simbol utama yang mewakili sejarah, adat dan identiti budaya Kesultanan Perak, sekali gus berfungsi sebagai medium visual yang menghubungkan warisan tradisi dengan konteks kontemporari seni awam. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada analisis simbolisme bentuk dalam pembentukan makna budaya. Selain itu, kajian turut meneliti peranan arca awam sebagai medium pemerkasaan budaya, interaksi sosial dan penyatuan komuniti melalui penglibatan pelbagai pihak dalam proses perancangan dan pelaksanaan karya seni arca awam yang berupaya berfungsi bukan sahaja sebagai mercu tanda fizikal, tetapi juga sebagai wahana kesenian, komunikasi budaya dan pengukuhan identiti tempatan dalam ruang awam. Keywords: Arca Awam, Identiti, Budaya Perak
Spatial and Environmental Requirements for Integrating Decentralised Wet Anaerobic Digestion Systems in Heritage Urban Contexts: George Town, Penang
Integrating decentralised food waste-to-energy (FWtE) systems within heritage urban environments demands alignment between technical infrastructure, spatial feasibility, and conservation responsibility. While decentralised wet anaerobic digestion (AD) systems have been extensively studied from engineering and environmental perspectives, limited research has translated their operational parameters into architectural integration frameworks for heritage adaptive reuse contexts. This study examines the spatial and environmental requirements for integrating decentralised wet AD systems within heritage urban settings, with reference to George Town, Penang. An analytical literature review was conducted to extract and categorise operational and biochemical parameters of wet AD systems, identifying their structural and environmental implications. This was followed by a comparative precedent analysis of three decentralised installations to evaluate spatial configuration, structural loading, and environmental control conditions. Through process-to-space mapping and cross-case synthesis, technical process requirements were translated into architectural integration criteria. The findings reveal consistent functional compartmentalisation across feedstock preparation, digestion, gas handling, energy conversion, and digestate management zones, each imposing specific structural, ventilation, safety, and service access requirements. The study proposes a structured set of spatial and environmental criteria that convert technical process demands into architectural considerations, enabling informed early-stage feasibility evaluation of decentralised wet AD integration within conservation-sensitive urban contexts. Keywords: Wet anaerobic digestion, heritage urban context, food waste-to-energy (FWtE), adaptive reuse, spatial and environmental requirements
Determining the Visual of National Unity in 1980s Newspaper Comics
The newspaper comic is a part of a comic that has been placed and composed inside the newspaper. Essentially, newspaper comics can be found in a dedicated section, and the comics themselves are recognized as humorous tools. This may provide a release and relax the newspaper reader when they read the news in the newspaper. On the other hand, newspaper comics can also be considered a part of visual communication because they communicate with the audience that reads the newspaper. Thus, newspaper comics play an important role in that part of the newspaper. This potentially makes newspaper comics a part of national unity promotion and campaign tools. However, the suitable visuals that can be composed in the comic panel must be forward-looking. Thus, this study makes a content analysis of the newspaper comics from the 1980s. The 1980s were chosen because this decade is known as an era when people not only bought newspapers but also marked the beginning of mass printing. There are 36 comic titles that have been labelled with a number between 1 and 103, which have been determined to have a visual that potentially can be a national unity visual in the newspaper comic. However, further research is recommended to identify more variations of key elements in the future. Keywords: newspaper comic, comic, content analysis, visual study, newspaper
Identifying Features in Studio Lighting Tutorial Videos for Photography Education
The shift from print-based to time-based learning has been more intense in the modern era, accelerated particularly by the Covid-19 pandemic. Online and flexible modes of learning demanded an educational shift from the traditional printed word to electronic and online media. The purpose of this research is to identify key features used in studio lighting tutorial videos that enhance the learning experience of photography students. It focuses on how video tutorials can effectively deliver practical knowledge in photography. A content analysis method was employed on 20 YouTube videos related to studio lighting tutorials. Nine critical features were identified which is typography and text, video duration, language, lighting condition, audio and narration, instructor presence, graphic elements, shot variety, and equipment demonstration. These features were consistently used across the most engaging and informative videos. The findings suggest that a well structured visual content plays a crucial role in improving comprehension and attention among students, particularly in subjects requiring practical demonstration. The result serves as guidelines for educators and video creators to develop more effective instructional videos, especially in creative and visual fields such as photography. Keywords: Studio Lighting, Video tutorial, Photography Education, Content Analysis, Visual Learning
Unveiling Narrative: A Study of Female Characters in Monsta Animation
Animation serves as a prominent medium for representation, allowing diverse narratives and identities to manifest in ways that can both reflect and redefine cultural norms. This paper presents a study on the representation of females in superhero archetypes, specifically female Muslim (Muslimah) in Monsta’s IPs: BoBoiBoy, Mechamato, and PapaPipi. Monsta is the mastermind behind numerous engaging and acclaimed creative works suitable for all ages. These animations have captivated audiences worldwide, providing entertainment to millions of people through great storytelling. This research analyzes three female characters: Yaya from Boboiboy, Tamara from Mechamato, and Pipi from PapaPipi. This study utilizes a qualitative approach, utilizing focus group discussions with the practitioners behind the scenes. This approach will emphasize understanding the idea from the creative side. This study has shown that each character plays multiple roles based on the story's context and the visual portrayal of each character as a Muslimah superhero. This study is important because females, including film, are often stereotypically represented in mass media. Therefore, it is crucial to explore and analyze whether Muslimah images are accurately portrayed. Keywords: Female Representation, Female Muslim Representation, Muslimah Superheroes, Malaysian Animation, Semiotics
Beyond Convention: Xun Huisheng’s Innovations in Qingyi and Huadan Performance Aesthetics
This paper examines the distinctive performance style of Xun Huisheng (1900–1968), one of the “Four Great Dan” of Peking Opera, with a specific focus on his revolutionary approach to the Huadan (vivacious female) role type. Utilizing textual analysis of primary sources from the Republican era, including newspaper reviews, performance records, and critical essays from periodicals such as Shen Bao and The Theatre Monthly, this study deconstructs Xun’s innovations in vocal delivery, physical movement, and character portrayal. It argues that Xun systematically integrated expressive elements from regional theater forms, particularly Bangzi opera, to forge a performance aesthetic characterized by naturalism, psychological depth, and nuanced emotional expression. The findings reveal that Xun’s artistic reforms not only expanded the expressive capacity of the huadan repertoire but also embodied a significant paradigm shift within Peking Opera during its early 20th-century modernization. This research offers a new perspective on the evolution of performance aesthetics in Chinese traditional theatre and underscores Xun Huisheng’s profound influence on gender representation and stage practice. Keywords: Xun Huisheng, Peking Opera Theatre, Huadan, Chinese Performance Arts, Gender and Performance
Towards a Holistic Framework for Academic Library Furniture Design: Integrating Aesthetic Experience, Functionality, and Pedagogy for 21st-Century Learning
Academic libraries are evolving from quiet repositories of books into hybrid learning commons that foster collaboration, creativity, and digital fluency. Within this transformation, furniture is no longer passive equipment but a key mediator between body, technology, and space that shapes cognitive, emotional and social engagement that underpins 21st-century learning. Yet scholarship on libraries remains fragmented. Most studies examine either functionality (ergonomics, proxemics, spatial efficiency) or aesthetic experience (comfort, ambience, emotional appeal) and rarely integrate these perspectives with contemporary pedagogy. This paper proposes a holistic conceptual framework for academic library furniture design grounded in a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of research across environmental psychology, higher-education studies, ergonomics, and design. Guided by PRISMA screening, the review identified recurring concepts such as sensory-motor engagement, neuroaesthetic valuation, universal design and digitally enhanced learning. The findings were synthesised into three interwoven theoretical domains. 1) Aesthetic Experience, which encompasses sensory-motor stimulation, emotional resonance, and cultural meaning-making; 2) Ergonomic and Environmental Design, by integrating proxemics, anthropometrics, universal accessibility, and technology infrastructure; 3) Learning Environment and Pedagogy, which aligns physical settings with constructivist, collaborative, and blended learning strategies. By bridging design, psychology, and education, the framework positions furniture as an aesthetic pedagogical interface and provides a robust platform for empirical testing through wellbeing metrics, collaborative behaviour analysis and digital engagement studies. It offers designers, educators and institutions a future ready for creating library environments that sustain and transform 21st-century learning. Keywords: Neuroaesthetic, Academic library, 21st century learning, Furniture design.
Gastronomy Tourism in Malaysia: Conceptual Development and Its Socio-Economic and Cultural Implications
Gastronomic tourism has evolved from mere food consumption into a form of experiential tourism that integrates culinary interaction, cultural heritage, and local identity. This study aims to evaluate the evolution of Malaysia’s gastronomy sector, focusing on the role of strategic government initiatives and their implications for the national economy. Utilizing systematic literature analysis and secondary data synthesis, the findings reveal that the food and beverage subsector is now a critical driver, contributing 16.3% to the country’s tourism industry. High-impact programs such as Malaysia Kitchen and the recognition of Kuching as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy have strengthened Malaysia’s position as a competitive global destination. This study formulates a holistic development framework that integrates culinary innovation, resource sustainability, and digital transformation. The implications of the study suggest that the synergy between technology and heritage preservation is the key to sustainable tourism growth at both national and international levels. Keywords: Gastronomic Tourism, Malaysia, Local Cuisine, Tourist Experience, Cultural Innovation
Study on the Use of Recycled Materials: Contemporary Block Batik
ABSTRACT The batik industry is an important textile art heritage in Malaysia that relies on various components, including the use of batik blocks as the main tool in pattern formation. In line with technological advancements and the need for sustainability, the use of alternative materials in batik block production is gaining increasing attention. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the reuse of discarded mechanical nut fasteners as a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative material. Mechanical nut fasteners, which are commonly regarded as waste materials in vehicle workshops, have been identified as having potential for reuse in the production of batik blocks. Using a descriptive research method, this study focuses on the entire production process, starting from material collection at workshops, arrangement according to design, to the formation of blocks ready for fabric printing. The use of these materials not only helps reduce industrial metal waste but also produces more unique and modern patterns compared to conventional blocks. The findings indicate that the use of recycled mechanical nut fasteners can reduce production costs, as these materials can be obtained at a much lower price compared to traditional materials such as wood or specialized metals. In addition, the designs produced are more experimental and innovative, making them particularly appealing to younger generations who favour distinctive batik designs. However, several challenges have been identified, including difficulties in arranging materials that vary in size and shape, the durability of the blocks for repeated use, and user acceptance, which still tends to favour traditional batik blocks. Therefore, outreach and educational efforts for batik practitioners should be enhanced to introduce the advantages of these alternative materials. Further studies are also recommended to improve production techniques and test the durability of the blocks so that this innovation can be more widely adopted, thereby supporting environmental sustainability and enriching the dimensions of local batik art. Keywords: Recycled Materials, Contemporary Block Batik Abstrak Industri batik merupakan warisan seni tekstil penting di Malaysia yang bergantung kepada pelbagai komponen, termasuk penggunaan blok batik sebagai alat utama dalam pembentukan corak. Seiring perkembangan teknologi dan keperluan kelestarian, penggunaan bahan alternatif dalam pembuatan blok batik semakin mendapat perhatian. Kajian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang penggunaan semula pengikat mekanikal nat terpakai sebagai bahan alternatif yang lebih lestari dan menjimatkan kos. Pengikat mekanikal nat, yang lazimnya dianggap sebagai bahan buangan di bengkel kenderaan, dikenal pasti berpotensi untuk digunakan semula dalam penghasilan blok batik. Melalui kaedah kajian deskriptif, fokus diberikan kepada keseluruhan proses pembuatan, bermula daripada pengumpulan bahan di bengkel, penyusunan mengikut reka bentuk, hingga pembentukan blok yang siap digunakan untuk mencetak kain. Penggunaan bahan ini bukan sahaja membantu mengurangkan sisa logam industri, malah menghasilkan corak yang lebih unik dan moden berbanding blok konvensional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan pengikat mekanikal nat terpakai mampu mengurangkan kos pengeluaran kerana bahan tersebut boleh diperoleh pada harga yang lebih rendah berbanding bahan tradisional seperti kayu atau logam khas. Selain itu, reka bentuk yang dihasilkan lebih bersifat eksperimental dan inovatif, menjadikannya menarik khususnya kepada generasi muda yang menggemari kelainan dalam rekaan batik. Namun begitu, terdapat beberapa cabaran yang dikenal pasti, antaranya kesukaran menyusun bahan yang tidak seragam dari segi saiz dan bentuk, ketahanan blok terhadap penggunaan berulang, serta penerimaan pengguna yang masih cenderung kepada blok tradisional. Oleh itu, usaha penyuluhan dan pendidikan kepada pengusaha batik perlu dipertingkatkan bagi memperkenalkan kelebihan bahan alternatif ini. Kajian lanjut juga dicadangkan untuk menambah baik teknik penghasilan serta menguji ketahanan blok agar inovasi ini dapat diaplikasikan secara meluas, sekali gus menyokong kelestarian alam sekitar dan memperkaya dimensi seni batik tempatan. Kata Kunci: Bahan Terpakai, Batik Blok Kontemporari
Experimental Design for User-Centric Kitchen Customisation Based on Anthropometric Data
This paper presents an experimental design aimed at evaluating the ergonomic benefits of kitchen cabinet customisation based on individual anthropometric data. The study adopts a within-subjects protocol, in which participants perform a series of typical kitchen tasks — including reaching, chopping, distributing ingredients, lifting, and stirring — in both standard-dimension kitchens and kitchens customised according to each participant’ s body measurements. Key anthropometric parameters, such as stature, standing elbow height, and functional reach, are measured to inform the user-specific kitchen configurations, resulting in two experimental conditions with the same set of tasks performed in each. During both conditions, data are collected using Electromyography (EMG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and motion capture systems. By comparing participants’ physiological responses between the two kitchen environments, the study quantitatively assesses differences in muscle workload, physiological stress, and range of motion. The experimental protocol, sample size calculation, and data collection methods are all designed to enable rigorous, quantitative comparison of ergonomic outcomes in different kitchen settings. This experimental design establishes a basis for developing guidelines to help designers integrate anthropometric data and minimise ergonomic risks in customised kitchen design. Keywords: Kitchen Customisation, Anthropometric Data, Experimental Design, Electromyography (EMG)
Translating Philosophy into Art: Taoism, Zen, and Phenomenology from Classical Thought to Contemporary Practice
This article looks at the transition of philosophical concepts to artistic practice. From a cross-cultural, transhistorical perspective, it systematically explores the practical applications of traditional Chinese philosophy (Taoism and Zen Buddhism) and Western philosophy (phenomenology) in artistic creation—examining how Taoist “interdependence of nihility and existence” and Qi, along with Zen “void,” shaped Chinese literati painting’s aesthetic core (negative space) and were innovatively translated in contemporary installation art via ready-made objects and bodily perception, as well as how phenomenological perceptual intuition underpinned Impressionism’s fleeting light and shadow and contemporary installation’s spatial intervention. Using qualitative research, literature analysis, and case studies, it breaks away from traditional frameworks by delving into three innovative dimensions: the evolution of creative spaces, the division of temporal expression, and the transformation of philosophical intervention methods. The research demonstrates that philosophical concepts are not statically put into art. Instead, they become the generative essence of artistic practice through a dynamic exchange with creative situations, medium characteristics, and the spirit of the present era. Ultimately, be it the introspective merging of philosophy and soul in Chinese literati painting or the interactive joining of philosophy, senses, and society in Impressionism and installation art, their essence is humanity's eternal quest for the essence of existence by means of art. Keywords: Chinese literati painting, Installation art, Impressionism, Chinese philosophy, Phenomenology
Enhancing Spatial Visualisation: The Role of Mental Rotation Training and Student Emotions
This study examines the mediating role of learning emotions in the relationship between instructional intervention and spatial visualization performance within art and design education contexts. Grounded in the Control Value Theory of Achievement Emotions, the study addresses a persistent problem in art and design education, namely that instructional interventions targeting spatial visualization often emphasise cognitive skill development while insufficiently accounting for students’ emotional experiences during complex visual and spatial tasks. It therefore explores how students’ emotional experiences shape learning outcomes during cognitively demanding tasks. A quasi experimental design with control groups was implemented at the Hebei Academy of Fine Arts. Learning emotions were measured using the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire to capture changes in students’ emotional responses before and after the intervention. Results indicated that positive achievement emotions, such as enjoyment and confidence, were positively associated with spatial visualization performance, whereas negative emotions, particularly frustration, showed a negative association. Mediation analysis using structural equation modelling further demonstrated that learning emotions functioned as a significant mediating mechanism between the instructional intervention and spatial visualization performance. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to ensure methodological rigor. Although the study is limited to undergraduate students within a single institutional context, the findings provide empirical evidence for the central role of achievement emotions in spatial learning. The study highlights the importance of emotion oriented instructional strategies in art and design education and contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how emotional and cognitive factors interact to influence spatial visualization development. Keywords: Spatial Visualization, 3D animation, Achievement Emotion, Achievement Emotions Questionnaire, Mental Rotation Training.
Art and Design for Sustainable Cultural Income Generation: A Socio-Ecological Framework for Creative Economic Empowerment in Malaysian Senior Citizen Centres
Senior citizen centres in Malaysia are increasingly exposed to financial vulnerability due to demographic transitions and continued dependence on welfare-based funding structures. Despite possessing extensive cultural knowledge, artisanal expertise, and intangible heritage assets, these institutions rarely operationalise art and design as structured economic systems. This study addresses this theoretical gap by proposing a design led socio ecological framework that reconceptualises senior citizen centres as creative ecosystems capable of generating sustainable income. Grounded in the integration of the Triple Bottom Line and the Socio Ecological Model, the framework positions art and design as socio economic infrastructure embedded within multi-level sustainability systems. Five interrelated dimensions namely social engagement, economic growth, environmental sustainability, operational capacity and technology integration are theorised as key drivers of financial resilience and cultural sustainability. By reframing aging communities from welfare recipients to active cultural producers, this conceptual model advances Art and Design scholarship beyond aesthetic discourse toward systemic economic empowerment. The framework offers a foundation for future empirical validation and practical implementation within community based cultural enterprises. Keywords: Senior Citizen Centres, Creative Ecosystems, Art and Cultural Tourism, Sustainable Income Generation, Socio-Ecological Framework.
Navigating On-Site Challenges Strategies for Success in Interior Design Project
Interior design construction projects operate under tight spatial, technical, and aesthetic constraints, yet empirical evidence on the root drivers of on-site failures remains limited. This study identifies the dominant challenges affecting interior project delivery and the strategies practitioners rely on to manage them. Using a qualitative design, 26 experienced professionals were purposively selected for non-structured interviews, and responses were thematically coded. Seventeen problem categories emerged, with communication failures (n=13), cash-flow constraints (n=11), and poor project execution (n=11) constituting the most pervasive risks. Thirteen solution themes were identified, led by stringent site monitoring (n=14), structured communication protocols (n=11), and rigorous cost planning (n=11). The findings underscore the need for integrated management systems that strengthen coordination, financial governance, and execution control in interior construction. Keywords: Interior design project, Issues at site during construction stage and solutions
Analysing Call-to-Action (CTA) Design in Sign Language Content on Social Media in Malaysia
This study explores the effectiveness of Call to Action (CTA) design in Malaysian Sign Language (MSL) content on social media platforms, focusing on accessibility for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) community. Many sign language campaigns in Malaysia still rely heavily on plain text-based CTAs, which limits their ability to engage DHH audiences effectively. In a digital era where social media plays a key role in education and public outreach, the absence of visually accessible CTAs presents a significant barrier to inclusion. To address this issue, this study employed a qualitative content analysis of ten purposively selected social media posts—five from TikTok and five from Instagram—featuring sign language content related to awareness and education. The analysis was guided by five core CTA principles: intuitiveness, aesthetic appeal, attention-grabbing features, low design friction, and clarity. The results revealed that posts with visually integrated CTAs, such as QR codes and direct phrases like “Register here” were more effective in prompting user action. TikTok posts demonstrated stronger engagement due to dynamic visual elements, while Instagram posts often lacked visual cues and emotional tone. Although most posts followed a clean visual structure, few utilized storytelling or motion graphics to improve clarity. The study concludes that incorporating intentional visual design in CTA elements can significantly enhance inclusivity and interaction, helping sign language content resonate more effectively with both DHH individuals and the public. Keywords: Call-to-action, Sign language, Social Media Content.
A Research on the Optimization of Order-Splitting Model for Small and Medium sized Custom Furniture Enterprises An Empirical：Analysis Based on In-depth Interviews
This study focuses on the models and processes of order splitting in six small and medium-sized custom furniture companies in China. Through a literature review to identify the shortcomings of existing research and in-depth interviews with six small and medium-sized custom furniture companies, this paper analyses the main pain points and optimisation paths of the order splitting process. The study found that small and medium-sized enterprises have problems with order processing, such as insufficient information technology, a lack of standardised modules, and inefficient cross-departmental collaboration. These problems, to varying degrees, have led to a poor customer experience, resulting in a negative overall reputation for the industry and a high rate of customer complaints, which in turn have affected the industry's overall development. Based on the results of qualitative and visual analysis, this paper proposes practical suggestions for improving the order splitting model. This study not only fills the theoretical gaps in the production and management of the custom furniture industry but also provides empirical evidence for improving the customer experience and operational efficiency of enterprises. Keywords: Customised furniture, Split order model, Small and medium-sized enterprises, Process optimisation, Customer experience.
RELICS: Digital Preservation of the Malacca Sultanate’s Historical Events Through Animated Narratives
Preservation of cultural heritage is crucial amidst globalization and modernization as part of the efforts to protect national identity and historical understanding for future generations. This study addresses the declining awareness of the Malacca Sultanate's historical currency, particularly among youth, by creating a 2D edutainment animation about the Malacca Sultanate’s Golden Dinar. The data were gathered through a semi-structured interview with a numismatic expert and a questionnaire survey involving high school students, with the aim of creating an animation that aligns well with teenagers' preferences. The results indicated a strong interest in anime and action genres, validating the animations’ effectiveness in making historical content engaging. The animation also successfully captured the youth's interest, proving to be a powerful tool for digital preservation and education. The blending of education with entertainment is thus proven as a promising approach to enhance the understanding and appreciation of history and cultural heritage, particularly among youth. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Digital Preservation, Animation, Artifact, Numismatic, History
A Neurodivergent-Inclusive Restoration Park Design Framework: Integrating Environmental and Physical Design Attributes, Sensory Regulation and Spatial Sequencing
Making green spaces accessible to diverse user groups has become a mainstream objective in contemporary planning, design, and built environment However, existing restorative environment research predominantly focuses on neurotypical populations, while sensory and cognitive considerations relevant to neurodivergent users remain insufficiently addressed within park design practice. Although restorative environment theories, particularly Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), explain psychological recovery in natural settings, their translation into architectural design remains limited in accommodating diverse sensory needs. Consequently, there remains a lack of an evidence-informed design framework translating restorative theory into practical neuro-inclusive park design strategies. This study aims to develop a neurodivergent-inclusive restorative park design framework by integrating environmental and physical design attributes, sensory regulation principles, and spatial sequencing strategies into a coherent architectural model. The framework was developed through an integrative research approach combining findings from a systematic literature review, observational analysis of restorative attributes within an urban park environment, and thematic synthesis of expert perspectives with their validation. The study proposes a multi-layered framework comprising nature-based and biophilic attributes, multisensory environmental regulation, graded spatial sequencing and environmental complexity, and sociality with user autonomy. The framework contributes an evidence-informed design approach that bridges restorative environment theory and neuro-inclusive environmental design, providing practical guidance for developing restorative park environments that support diverse cognitive and sensory needs. Keywords: Neurodivergent-inclusive design, Restorative parks, Environmental attributes, Sensory regulation, Neurodivergent users.
Play to Place Physical Gameboard as Learning Tools of Engagement and Collaboration Towards Learning Outcomes
Gamification offers new possibilities for architectural education by transforming site analysis from a passive, descriptive task into an active and collaborative learning experience. Traditional approaches often limit engagement and critical interpretation, whereas gamified methods can sustain motivation, usability, and peer collaboration while linking site data to meaningful learning outcomes. This study examines the Play to Place Physical Gameboards – Seri Iskandar (P2P–SI) module, designed to integrate local cultural narratives, tangible play mechanics, and storytelling into site exploration. Grounded in constructivist and experiential learning traditions and supported by gamification theory, the research focused on three dimensions: engagement and usability, social and collaborative impacts, and learning outcomes. The module was implemented with 101 second-year architecture students at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, during site analysis exercises. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the relationships between the three dimensions. The results show that engagement and usability directly influenced learning outcomes and strongly shaped social and collaborative impacts, while collaboration in turn enhanced learning outcomes. Students highlighted that clear rules, intuitive play, and immediate feedback supported sustained engagement, while collaborative play improved communication, teamwork, and shared site interpretation. These findings demonstrate that embedding usability and collaboration within gamified tools can produce stronger outcomes, including spatial reasoning, cultural understanding, and reflective thinking. The study positions P2P–SI as a student-centred and culturally relevant pedagogical innovation that bridges technical knowledge with social and reflective dimensions of architectural design education. Keywords: Architecture gamification, learning engagement, learning outcome, collaborative learning, site-based pedagogy
Analysing the Motion Graphic Principles Used in Microplastics Pollution Awareness Video
Public awareness of microplastic pollution in Malaysia remains low despite increasing scientific attention to its environmental and health impacts. Traditional live-action formats dominate local awareness efforts, underutilising the potential of motion graphics to enhance communication. This study aims to examine how motion graphic principles can improve the effectiveness of microplastic pollution awareness videos in engaging and educating audiences. Using Ge Song’s (2016) framework of four motion graphic principles (logic, transformation, transition, and music), this study used a qualitative content analysis of seven selected awareness videos that primarily utilise motion graphics. Each video was evaluated on sub-elements such as message clarity, visual transformation, narrative flow, and emotional resonance using a structured 5-point Likert scale. Findings reveal that the logic principle was consistently applied across all videos, ensuring clear message delivery and well-structured narratives. Transformation and transition principles were moderately well utilized, particularly in videos targeting younger audiences or produced with higher-quality animation. Music, however, showed the most inconsistency, with several videos lacking emotional depth or relying on minimal sound design. In conclusion, while motion graphics demonstrate strong potential for simplifying complex information and increasing audience engagement, their application in Malaysian microplastic awareness videos remains uneven. This study suggests that a more balanced and integrated use of all four motion graphic principles could significantly enhance the impact of future environmental campaigns, bridging the gap between scientific information and public understanding. Keywords: Motion Graphic Principles, Microplastic pollution, Microplastic awareness video
Pendekatan Teori Estetika dalam Karya Jalaini Abu Hassan
As a repository of traditional knowledge, Malay proverbs are seen as the wisdom of ancient societies. Malay proverbs serve as cultural symbols of philosophy, moral ideals, and outlooks on life for the Malay community. Although this research is currently limited to academic discourse, incorporating the use of Malay proverbs into visual art can create the potential to connect oral traditions with contemporary aesthetics. Gurindam Jiwa (Indian Summer), a mixed media canvas painting by Jalaini Abu Hassan from 2000, is a powerful illustration of how Malay proverbs can be transformed into visual art. Terry Barrett’s theoretical framework, which includes components of explanation, interpretation, and evaluation, will be used in this study to discover and investigate how Malay proverbs have been incorporated into visual art. Formal analysis of artworks is the primary focus of the qualitative method, supplemented by exhibition catalogues, critical writing, and contextual references. The results of the study show that Jalaini’s artworks combine symbolic floral patterns with deep cultural metaphors, all conveyed through the expressive use of color and texture to evoke personal and community memories. This painting is not only visually appealing, but also emphasizes the need to use proverbial imagery to preserve culture, strengthen Malay identity, and connect traditional values ​​with modern Malaysian art discourse. Keywords: Malay proverbs, Malaysian visual arts, Jalaini Abu Hassan, Gurindam Jiwa, Terry Barrett's theory
The Application of Designer Intuition in Mobile Game User Interface Design
A well-designed user interface (UI) is fundamental to mobile games, playing a critical role in creating a positive player experience by ensuring effortless navigation, minimising cognitive load, and fostering sustained engagement. This study was conducted by researchers to analyse the crucial role of designer intuition in the creation of mobile game user interfaces (UIs). While user data plays a crucial and foundational role in the early stages of UI design, the creation process often relies on designers' intuitive judgment for key decisions. This study employs thematic analysis of structured interviews with mobile game UI/UX designers to elucidate particular stages in the design process where intuition plays a pivotal role. The results show that while data drives the initial structure, intuition is progressively and decisively used in later stages, particularly to refine aesthetic elements such as colour palettes and layout composition. This study asserts that intuition is a crucial adjunct to data-driven design, necessary for the development of immersive and captivating player experiences. Keywords: Intuitive Design, Intuition, Mobile Game, User Interface