Design and Development of Specialised Footwear for Male Hajj Pilgrims
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v11i2.1026Abstract
Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam and is obligatory at least once in a lifetime for Muslims who are physically and financially able to perform it. During the Hajj season, pilgrims undertake extensive walking and repeatedly enter and leave crowded religious spaces, making footwear selection and management an important practical concern. Previous observations indicate that first time pilgrims may experience confusion, loss, or inadvertent exchange of footwear, particularly when entering AL Haram Mosque. This study identifies design criteria for footwear specifically intended for male Hajj pilgrims in accordance with the requirements of ihram and examines how pilgrims manage their footwear when entering the mosque. A mixed methods approach was employed, with qualitative and quantitative data collected from Malaysian male pilgrims in Johor and Selangor who had performed Hajj between 2011 and 2017. Semi structured interviews were used to capture participants’ experiences, while pilot testing, face validation, concept development, and usability testing supported the design process. The findings indicate that sandals are the most suitable footwear type, and that portability, ergonomics, durability, adjustability, and ease of storage are important design considerations. The study proposes a compact sandal concept that can be secured and carried into the mosque, thereby reducing the risk of footwear loss and supporting pilgrims during peak periods. The findings provide a practical reference for footwear designers, Tabung Haji, and Hajj travel operators.
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