Demokrasi Pendidikan Dalam Sistem Pengajian Di Institusi Pondok: Pelaksanaan Dan Amalan
Democratic Education In Pondok Educational System: Practice And Implementation
Abstract
Democracy or democratic is a term that is very synonymous with the geopolitical situation in the administrative or governance aspects of a country. However, the term democracy does not only revolve around political prospects but can also be extended to others such as educational prospects. Democracy in education especially in Islamic education has been the discussion of scholars in line with the goal of Islamic education. The focus is to produce successful Muslims in this world and in the hereafter. With the advent of Islam to Nusantara, the establishment of Islamic educational institutions including the Pondok, shown that the democratization of education has been practiced in their educational system. Thus, this study aims to explore the understanding of democratic education and analyze the democracy of education that has been implemented in educational institutions in Malaysia. To achieve this objective, this study embraced a qualitative method through document analysis, interviews, and observations to obtain the required data. Findings show that democratic education has been applied in Pondok institutions in which they also provide free education that is open to all with no age limit, gender diversity, and expanded learning time. In summary, democratic education is a practical step to be implemented in Pondok institutions. This policy is very much in line with the goal of its establishment in disseminating Islamic knowledge, guided the Muslim community through Fardhu Ain regardless of their status, rank, background, or gender.
Keywords: Democratic Education, Pondok Institutions, Practice, Implementation
Abstrak
Kemunculan golongan Syiah mula kelihatan di Malaysia setelah tercetusnya revolusi Iran tahun 1979 menyebabkan ajaran mereka menular dalam masyarakat Melayu Islam. Ini dapat diperhatikan dengan kemunculan hauzah-hauzah Syiah Melayu di seluruh Malaysia, tangkapan-tangkapan pihak jabatan agama Islam negeri terhadap aktiviti penyebaran Syiah dan kemunculan para graduan Melayu daripada Iran dan lain-lain negara. Kajian ini bertujuan membongkar kesan pengaruh dakyah Syiah di Malaysia terhadap pelajar-pelajar sekolah agama menengah di Selangor serta tahap pengetahuan mereka terhadap ajaran ini. Kajian kuantitatif ini bersifat diskriptif menggunakan kaedah tinjauan (survey reseach) melalui instrumen soal selidik dan purposive sample kepada 756 pelajar-pelajar SPM tahun 2018 daripada 9 buah sekolah menengah asrama penuh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa 7 responden mempunyai rakan berfahaman Syiah, 1 responden terlibat dengan ajaran Syiah, dan seramai 107 responden tidak pernah mendengar taklimat atau ceramah berkenaan dengan kesesatan Syiah. Justeru usaha menyedarkan masyarakat Islam dalam kalangan pelajar muslim tentang penyelewangan ajaran Syiah dan kesesatan mereka perlu ditekankan dan pendedahan secara berperingkat perlu dilaksanakan sebelum mereka melangkah ke alam universiti yang pastinya lebih terbuka dan mencabar.
Kata kunci: Syiah, hauzah, dakyah, ajaran sesat, sekolah agama.
References
Abd. Munir Mohd Noh, Mohd Zahirwan Halim Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Yusri Yusuf@Salleh, Paiz Hassan & Muhd Imran Abd. Razak (2018), “Demokrasi Pendidikan Menurut John Dewey: Suatu Tinjauan Dari Aspek Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam”. Prosiding International Postgraduate Conference on Research Education 2018 (IPCORE 2018), 16-18 Ogos 2018, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.
Abdul Halim Mat Diah (1989). Islam dan Demokrasi Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM).
Abdullah Ishak. (1995). Pendidikan Islam dan Pengaruhnya di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ali Mohammad. (2008). “Sumbangan Tamadun Islam Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Di Alam Melayu Hingga Abad Ke-17 M”. Jurnal al-Tamaddun Bil.3 (1), 68-84.
Chua Yan Piaw. (2011). Kaedah Penyelidikan Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Ezad Azraai Jamsari, Noor Inayah Yaakob, Wan Kamal Mujani, Adibah Sulaiman & Kamaruzaman Jusoff. (2011). The Influence of Middle East on The Development of Islamic Education in Kelantan, Malaysia. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 7, http://www.idosi.org/contact.htm, 141-150
Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria (2003). Prinsip-Prinsip Pendidikan Islam. Pahang: PTS Publications & Distributor Sdn. Bhd.
Ghazali Darussalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Hassan Langgulung (1985), Pendidikan dan Peradaban Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Husna Ibnu Khaldun. (2004). Muqaddimah Ibnu Khaldun. Kaherah: Darul Fajar li Turath
John Dewey (1957). Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. New York: The MacMillan Company
Luqman Abdullah. (2011). “Latest Development of Traditional Islamic Education in Kelantan”. Kertas Kerja dibentangkan di INTED 2011,7-9 Mac 2011, Valencia, Sepanyol.
Manah Rosmanah. (2013). “Pendekatan Halaqah Dalam Konseling Islam Dengan Coping Stress Sebagai Ilustrasi”. Jurnal Intizar, Vol. 19, No.2, download.portalgaruda.org/article.php, 301-322.
Masyurah Mohd Rawi, Harun Baharuddin, Maimun Aqsha Lubis, Siti Aisyah Romli. (2015). “Institusi Pondok Dalam Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Malaysia”. Kertas Kerja dibentangkan di The 7th International Workshop and Conference Of Asean Studies On Islamic And Arabic Education And Civilization (Poltan-Ukm-Polimed), Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Mohd Anuar Ramli & Mohammad Aizat Jamaluddin (2018), “Sumbangan Ulama Melayu Klasik Dalam Menjana Budaya Ilmu di Alam Melayu”. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255991975_Sumbangan_Ulama_Melayu_Klasik_Dalam_Menjana_Budaya_Ilmu_Di_Alam_Melayu, Dilayari pada 11/09/2018
Mohd Anuar Ramli, Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele, Mohammad Aizat Jamaluddin & Mohd Akmal Sidik (2016), “Sumbangan Ulama Melayu Klasik Dalam Pembinaan Kearifan Tempatan di Alam Melayu”. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu, Jilid 27, hh. 178-196.
Mohd Izzuddin Ramli & Mohamad Zaini Abu Bakar (2015), “Kearifan Tempatan Dalam Institusi Sekolah Pondok di Malaysia”. Ilmu, Tradisi dan Kelestarian Dalam Kearifan Tempatan. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Mohd Majid Konting (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Noor Rohman (2014) ”Perspektif Islam Tentang Demokratisasi Pendidikan”. Jurnal Tarbawi, Vol.2, No. 2, https://ejournal.unisnu.ac.id/JPIT, 56-67
Othman Lebar (2017) Penyelidikan Kualitatif Pengenalan Kepada Teori dan Metode. Tanjong Malim:Penerbit UPSI.
Rahimin Affandi Abd. Rahim. (2010) “Paradigma Tradisionalisme Dan Pentadbiran Undang- Undang Islam Dan Fatwa Di Negeri Kelantan: Satu Analisis Sejarah”. Jurnal Malaysia Dari Segi Sejarah V. 38, hh. 25-44.
Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim, Ruzman Mohd Noor, Norhidayah Yusoff & Muhammmad Izzuddin Helmi Dzulkifli (2015). “Institusi Pondok Tradisional Sebagai Model Kearifan Melayu-Islam : Antara Tradisi dan Harapan”. Ilmu, Tradisi dan Kelestarian Dalam Kearifan Tempatan. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia, hh. 44-51.
Ramli Saadon, Khairi Arifin & Ishak Saat (2016), “Perkembangan Pendidikan Orang Melayu di Malaya Sebelum Kemunculan Western-Type-Education”. Jurnal Perspektif, Jil.8 Bil.2, hh. 79-96.
Solahuddin Ismail & Zaheruddin Othman (2015), “Pembangunan Pendidikan Islam Tradisional Dalam Komuniti ASEAN: Perbandingan Antara Malaysia, Indonesia dan Thailand ” dalam Prosiding 2nd International Conference on Innovation and Sustainability ( ICOIS 2015), Duangtawan Hotel Chiang Mai Thailand pada 12-13 November 2015
Solahuddin Ismail, Mohd Nizo Abdul Rahman dan Alias Puteh. (2009). “Reformasi Pendidikan Islam di Malaysia: Satu Sorotan Sejarah”. Kertas Kerja dibentangkan di Seminar Antarabangsa Pendidikan ICT Bernuansakan Islam Anjuran Kolej Islam dan Sains (CAS) Universiti Utara Malaysia Dengan Kerjasama Universitas Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH) Banda Acheh Sumatera Indonesia pada 15-19 Disember 2009.
Sulaiman Masri. (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan dan Panduan Penulisan. Kuala Lumpur : Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Syed Naquib al-Attas (1999). Islam Dalam Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: ABIM
TEMUBUAL
Guru 1 dan 4, guru Pondok Pasir Tumbuh, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Guru 2 dan 3, guru Pondok Sungai Durian, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Guru 5, guru Pondok Lubuk Tapah, Pasir Mas Kelantan
UiTM Press (the Publisher) has agreed to publish the undersigned author’s paper in Idealogy Journal. The agreement is contingent upon the fulfilment of a number of requirements listed below.
1. The undersigned author warrants that the paper entitled below is original, that it is not in any way libellous or unlawful in Malaysia, that it does not infringe any copyright or other proprietary right. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to sign and execute this agreement.
2. The undersigned author warrants that the paper entitled below has not been published elsewhere, and also it will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. By submitting the paper entitled below, the undersigned author agrees to transfer the rights to publish and distribute the paper in an international e-journal (entitled above) to Publisher.
4. The undersigned author agrees to make a reasonable effort to conform to Publisher's submission guidelines and to liaise with the editor to ensure that the requirements of these guidelines are met to a reasonable degree.
5. The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all coauthors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who has obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
