DEKONSTRUKSI MITOS FILM DOKUMENTER THE LOOK OF SILENCE (SENYAP) KARYA JOSHUA OPPENHEIMER
Analisis Semiotika Poststrukturalis Roland Barthes
Abstract
The Look of Silence (Senyap) adalah film dokumenter kedua sutradara berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat, Joshua Oppenheimer, yang menuturkan peristiwa pembantaian massal oleh milisi bentukan tentara terhadap orang-orang yang dianggap anggota atau simpatisan Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) di Deli Serdang dan Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara, pada 1965. Melalui karakter bernama Adi, film ini “bergerilya” dari satu pelaku ke pelaku lain, hingga tergambarkan “sejarah” pasca peristiwa Gerakan 30 September (G30S).
Bahwa ada kecurigaan atas muatan yang bersifat bakal mendekonstruksi fakta yang telah ajeg di masyarakat, dan perlu dicurigai pula, sifat muatan itu yang sesungguhnya persuasif dan propaganda! Untuk membongkar fenomena dekonstruksi mitos ini, Penulis melakukan penelitian secara kualitatif. Paradigma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teori Kritis. Sedangkan metode penelitiannya, analisis semiotika postrukturalis Roland Barthes, yang mencoba mengurai penanda dan petanda dekonstruksi mitos dalam objek penelitian.
Hasil akhir penelitian, film The Look of Silence (Senyap) telah memperlihatkan adanya karakter kuasa media massa dalam sebuah film dokumenter. Melalui kata-kata sifat kreatif, subjektif, dan persuasif, sebuah film dokumenter memiliki potensi untuk mendekonstruksi mitos yang telah ajeg. Kelak mitos (dalam pengertian makna konotatif) ini pun akan menjadi mitos dan ideologi.
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