Pendekatan Hermeneutik dalam Mentafsir Pengalaman: Aplikasi Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) dalam Kaedah Temubual
A Hermeneutic Approach to Interpreting Experience: Applying Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) in Interview Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v10i2.795Abstract
ABSTRAKPenyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik sebagai kaedah tafsiran utama dalam Analisis Fenomenologi Interpretatif (Interpretative Phenomenological analysis- IPA), dengan memfokuskan kepada pengalaman (lived experience) lima orang peserta yang terlibat dalam amalan seni kontemporari di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Berasaskan hermeneutik fenomenalogi dari Martin Heidegger dan konsep lingkaran hermeneutik, penyelidikan ini menekankan proses reflektif antara bahagian (part) dan keseluruhan (whole), dalam memahami pengalaman peserta. Data yang diperoleh melalui temu bual separa berstruktur, disokong oleh pemerhatian peserta terhadap karya seni yang dipamerkan sebagai subjek kajian. Lima orang peserta iaitu empat lelaki dan seorang wanita telah dipilih berdasarkan penglibatan aktif dan pengalaman luas dalam bidang seni kontemporari. Kajian ini mengemukakan dapatan dari transkrip temu bual, yang dianalisa menggunakan pendekatan IPA. Dapatan kajian kemudiannya disokong dengan nota penerokaan (exploratory notes), dengan menggunakan perisian NVivo. Pernyataan pengalaman peserta disusun menjadi Tema Pengalaman Peribadi (personal Experiential Themes- PETS), yang kemudiannya dikelompokkan dalam Tema Pengalaman Berkumpulan (Group Experiential Themes- GETS), membolehkan pengkaji mengenal pasti pola emosi dan pemikiran yang ditafsir dengan pengalaman peserta dan pengkaji secara interpretatif. Tema-tema ini ditafsirkan secara hermeneutik, di mana pengkaji terlibat secara langsung dalam proses fenomenologikal tersebut. Selain itu juga, kajian ini menonjolkan sifat dua hala dalam hermeneutik IPA, iaitu kedua-dua peserta dan pengkaji sama-sama terlibat dalam membentuk makna dalam dapatan analisa. Keseluruhannya, kaedah temu bual terbukti berkesan dalam menjana naratif yang kaya dan mendalam, mengukuhkan nilai IPA dalam penyelidikan kualitatif.
Kata Kunci: Analisis Fenomenologi Interpretatif, IPA, hermeneutik, temu ramah.
ABSTRACT
This research employs a hermeneutic approach as the primary method of interpretation in Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), focusing on the lived experiences of five participants involved in contemporary art practices in Malaysia and Indonesia. Based on Martin Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology and the concept of the hermeneutic circle, the study emphasizes a reflective process between the parts and the whole in understanding the participants’ experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, supported by participants’ observations of the exhibited artworks used as the study’s subject matter. Five participants- four men and one woman were selected based on their active involvement and extensive experience in the field of contemporary art. The findings were drawn from interview transcripts analysed using the IPA approach. These findings were then supported by exploratory notes using NVivo software. The participants' experiential statements were organized into Personal Experiential Themes (PETS), which were later grouped into Group Experiential Themes (GETS), enabling the researcher to identify patterns of emotion and thought, interpreted through both the participants’ and the researcher’s lived experience. These themes were interpreted hermeneutically, with the researcher directly engaging in the phenomenological process. Furthermore, the study highlights the dialogical nature of hermeneutic IPA, where both the participant and the researcher are actively involved in co-constructing meaning from the analysis. Overall, the interview method proved effective in generating rich and in-depth narratives, reinforcing the value of IPA in qualitative research.
Keywords: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, IPA, hermeneutic, interview.
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