Fahaman Salafi Jihad Dan Ancamannya Dalam Masyarakat Malaysia Semasa: Satu Pengenalan
Salafi Understanding of Jihad and Its Threat in Current Malaysian Society: An Introduction
Abstract
Institusi yang berasaskan Islam di Malaysia seperti Majlis Agama Islam Kelantan diasaskan oleh pihak British. Amalan umat Islam di Tanah Melayu sejak dahulu sememangnya telah meraikan budaya masyarakat. Namun begitu, elemen dan pengaruh Khawarij yang bertopengkan nama Salafi yang mengamalkan Islam secara ekstrem di beberapa negara luar, sedikit-sebanyak telah mencemar keharmonian Islam di Malaysia atas alasan mengembalikan umat kepada ajaran Islam yang sejati. Idealisme mensucikan umat Islam dipegang tanpa justifikasi ilmiah sehingga membenarkan langkah ekstrem terhadap semua yang tidak menerima ajaran mereka meskipun sesama kalangan umat Islam. Kelantangan mereka mula zahir sejak era 90an dan lama-kelamaan telah meresapkan pemahaman mereka di segenap lapisan masyarakat dan akhirnya mencemar nama Islam dan membawa kepada Islamofobia di Malaysia
Kata kunci: Ekstremisme, Salafi Jihad, Khawarij, Islamofobia
Abstract
Islamic-based institutions in Malaysia such as the Kelantan Islamic Religious Council were founded by the British. The practice of Muslims in Malaya since long ago has indeed celebrated the culture of the community. Nevertheless, elements and influence of Khawarij under the guise of Salafi who practice Islam to the extreme in some foreign countries, have somewhat polluted the harmony of Islam in Malaysia on the grounds of returning the people to the true teachings of Islam. The idealism of purifying Muslims is held without scientific justification, thus justifying extreme measures against all those who do not accept their teachings, even among fellow Muslims. Their volume began to appear since the 90's and over time has permeated their understanding in all walks of life and eventually tarnished the name of Islam and led to Islamophobia in Malaysia
Keywords: Extremism, Salafi Jihad, Khawarij, Islamophobia
References
Ahmad Sauffiyan Abu Hassan (2016). Daesh: Kebangkitan Dan Pengaruh Media Sosial. Jurnal Komunikasi, 32 (2), 381-404.
Al-Makin (2013). From Musaylima to the Kharijite Najdiyya. Al-Jami’ah, 15 (1), 35-53.
Azizah Hussin (2016). Level of Phobia Towards Islam Among Non-Muslim Students of Higher Educational Institution In Malaysia. International Journal of Teaching and Education, II (3), 80-93.
Benson, B. P. (2015). The U.S. Counterterrorism Strategy: Addressing Radical Ideologies. Tesis Sarjana Naval Academy, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
Carr, C. (2002). The Lessons of Terror. London, Little Brown.
Eggers, B. A. (2011). Addressing The Cause : An Analysis of Suicide Terrorism. Tesis Sarjana Untuk Colorado State University.
Erich Iviarquardt & Christopher Heffelfinger (t.t.). Terrorism & Political Islam: Origins, Ideologies, and Methods a Counterterrorism Textbook, 2nd Edition. United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.
Fazlina Fadzil dan Ahmad Sunawari Long (2015). Kajian Terhadap Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persepsi Pelajar Politeknik Port Dickson Terhadap Konsep Jihad dalam Media Sosial. Prosiding Persidangan Antarabangsa Kelestarian Insan Kali Ke-2 (2015). The Royale Bintang Resort & Spa, Seremban, 19-20 Oktober 2015, 1417-1450.
Ferguson, K. (2016). Countering Violent Extremism Through Media and Communication Strategies: AReview of The Evidence. The Partnership for Conflict, Crime and Security Research, University of Cambridge.
Green, C. A. (2009). The Khawaarij and The Creed of Takfeer: Declaring a Muslim to be an Apostate and its Effects Upon the Modern Day Islamic Movement. Tesis Sarjana Untuk University of South Africa.
Hamidreza Mohamadi Najafabadi (2014). Application of Theory of Social Forces: A Case Study of Khawarij During The Reign of Hazrat Ali. International Journal of Social Science and Education, 4 (4), 772-780.
Idris Zakaria (2003). Islam dan Amalan Tolenrasi di Nusantara. Dalam Jaringan Dakwah Malaysia Indonesia.Bangi: Jabatan Pengajian Dakwah dan Kepimpinan, UKM dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU), 150-164.
Jalaluddin Abdul Malek (2002). Falsafah Reruang Siber Dan Komuniti Online: Cabaran Pembangunan Alaf Baru. Dalam Misran Rokimin (ed.). Falsafah dan Peradaban Pembangunan, Bangi: UKM, 86-87.
Kippe, G. R. (2010). Jemaah Islamiyyah: Reevaluating The Most Dangerous Terrorist Threat In Southeast Asia, Master of Arts in Security Studies, Naval Postgraduate School.
Marquardt, E. & Heffelfinger, C. (2008). Terrorism & Political Islam: Origins, Ideologies, and Methods a Counterterrorism Textbook. 2nd Edition. United States Military Academy, West Point, NewYork.
Marzuki Haji Mahmood (2003). Keberkesanan Dan Sambutan Masyarakat Terhadap Pengajian Islam di Institusi Pengajian Islam. Dalam Suzalie Mohamed (ed.). Memahami Isu-Isu Pendidikan Islam di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: IKIM, 179-186.
Moden Mohamed Ali (2019). Understanding Salafis, Salafism and Modern Salafism, ISLÓMIYYÓT, 41 (1), 125-136.
Mohamed Ali (2012). The Islamic Doctrine of Al-Wala Wal Bara (Loyalty And Disavowal) In Modern Salafism. Tesis Ph.D. University of Exeter.
Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani (2016). ISIS Recruitment of Malaysian Youth: Challenge and Response. Middle East Institute, May 3.
Mohd Mizan Mohammad Aslam (2009). A Critical Study of Kumpulan Militant Malaysia, Its Wider Connections in the Region and the Implications of Radical Islam for The Stability of Southeast Asia. Tesis Ph.D. Victoria University of Wellington.
Mohd Mizan Mohammad Aslam (2012). The Role of Malaysia in Bali Bombing 2002: Myth Or Reality? 2nd International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Sciences (ICMESS'2012) June 30-July 1, 2012 Bali.
Mohd Mizan Mohammad Aslam (2017). The Threat of Daesh in Universities: Malaysia’s Experience. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 9 (4), 13-17.
Mohd Mizan Mohd Aslam (2009). The Thirteen Radical Groups: Preliminary Reseacrh in Understanding the Evolution of Militancy in Malaysia, Jurnal JATI, 14, 155-157.
Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2014). Colonial Policy and the Impact to the Politico-Economy Stability After Independence: The Case of Indonesia Under the Dutch and Malaysia Under the British, Review of History and Political Science , 2 (3), 69-84.
Muhd Imran Abd Razak (2018). Analisis Isu-Isu Wanita dalam Fiqh jihad Kumpulan Ekstremisme Agama: Analisis Terhadap Majalah Dabiq dan Kaitannya di Malaysia. Tesis PhD, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nur Atiqah Abd Samad. 2014. DUN Selangor: Penuntut IPT akan dibuang jika terlibat IS 26.11.2014.
Rahimin Affandi Abd. Rahim (1995). Budaya Taqlid di dalam Masyarakat Melayu: Suatu Tinjauan Ringkas. Jurnal Syariah, 3 (1), 35-37.
Razak, M. I. A., Rahim, R. A. A., Ramli, M. A. R., Yusof, M. Y. Y. S, Hasan, P. & Kasmaruddin, N. I. (2019). Religious Extremism & its Recruitment Methods: An Analysis. Journal of Administrative Science, 16 (1), 34-50.
Razak, M. I. A., Rahman, M. F. A., Noor, A. F. M., Khalid, N., & Basir, M. A. R. K. K. A. (2019). An Analysis on The External Factors of Malaysian Women’s Involvement in Extremism Group. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9 (9), 479–486.
Van Zuijdewjin, J.D.R. (2014), Fearing The Western Muslim Foreign Fighter: The Connection Between Fighting The Defensive Jihad and Terrorist Activitiy in The West. Tesis Ph.D, University of Utrecht.
Wagemakers, J. (2014). Seceders’ and ‘Postponers’?An Analysis of the ‘Khawarij’ and ‘Murji’a’ Labels in Polemical Debates Between Quietist And jihadi-Salafis. Dalam Jeevan Doel & Zahir Kazmi (ed.). Contextualising Jihadi Thought. London: Hurst & Co, 145-164.
Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud (2010). Containing Muslim Extremism and Radicalism, International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 28 (1), 241.
Zulkarnain Haron (2013), A Study of the Salafi Jihadist Doctrine and the Interpretation of Jihad by Al-Jamaah Al-Islamiyah. Kemanusiaan, 20 (2), 15-37.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
UiTM Press (the Publisher) has agreed to publish the undersigned author’s paper in Idealogy Journal. The agreement is contingent upon the fulfilment of a number of requirements listed below.
1. The undersigned author warrants that the paper entitled below is original, that it is not in any way libellous or unlawful in Malaysia, that it does not infringe any copyright or other proprietary right. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to sign and execute this agreement.
2. The undersigned author warrants that the paper entitled below has not been published elsewhere, and also it will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. By submitting the paper entitled below, the undersigned author agrees to transfer the rights to publish and distribute the paper in an international e-journal (entitled above) to Publisher.
4. The undersigned author agrees to make a reasonable effort to conform to Publisher's submission guidelines and to liaise with the editor to ensure that the requirements of these guidelines are met to a reasonable degree.
5. The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all coauthors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who has obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.