Pengaruh Hinduisme Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Melayu: Rujukan Khusus Karya Pilihan R.O Winstedt
The Influence of Hinduism In the Life of Malay Community: Analysis Of R.O Winstedt’s Views
Abstract
Richard Olaf Winstedt known as R.O.Winstedt was an English orientalist and colonial administrator in Malaya. His form of thinking was based on the philosophy of logical empirical positivism, which is an understanding that emphasizes the full use of intellect as the main approach to obtain a scientific fact based on systematic and thorough research methods. This philosophy rejects the proof of a fact using the source of revelation as it is considered irrelevant in the field of history. This article focuses on the analysis of Winstedt’s view about the influence of Hinduism in the Malay community life, especially in Malaya through the four works of his choice. The author used the methods of graphical history, comparison, and content analysis to analyze the views. The study found Winstedt thinking approach in assessing the impact of Hinduism in the Malay community life, especially cultural, legal and myth, was vague and biased. He believed the community had been affected by the culture and the life of Hinduism comprising the ability to build up civilization to an extent denying the contribution of Islam in community life. This is due to the weakness of the orientalists in understanding the content of Islam because of European-centered thinking that is Eurocentrism. This thought has elevated the European nation as a great and civilized nation compared to other nations and they are likely to be called "ambassador of civilization" which is the savior of the people that needs to be civilized.
Keywords: Winstedt, Influence of Hinduism, Islam, Malaya, Malays.
Abstrak
R.O. Winstedt merupakan seorang orientalis yang berkhidmat di Tanah Melayu sebagai pentadbir British. Bentuk pemikiran beliau berteraskan falsafah positifisme empirik logik iaitu fahaman yang mementingkan penggunaan akal sepenuhnya sebagai pendekatan utama bagi mendapatkan sesuatu fakta keilmuan berdasarkan kaedah penelitian yang sistematik dan teliti. Falsafah ini menolak pembuktian sesuatu fakta menggunakan sumber wahyu kerana dianggap tidak releven dalam pembuktian sejarah. Artikel ini menumpukan kepada analisa terhadap pandangan Winstedt berkaitan pengaruh Hinduisme dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu khususnya di Tanah Melayu menerusi empat buah karya pilihan beliau. Penulis menggunakan kaedah grafisejarah, perbandingan dan analisis kandungan bagi menganalisis pandangan tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati pendekatan pemikiran Winstedt dalam menilai pengaruh Hinduisme dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu terutamanya kebudayaan, perundangan dan mitos memperlihatkan sudut pandangan yang meragukan dan berat sebelah. Beliau percaya masyarakat Melayu telah terpengaruh dengan budaya dan cara hidup Hinduisme dalam setiap corak kehidupan termasuklah tahap kepandaian dalam membina sebuah tamadun hingga menafikan sumbangan Islam dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Hal ini berpunca dari kelemahan golongan orientalis dalam memahami kandungan Islam disebabkan latar belakang pemikiran yang berpusatkan Eropah iaitu Euro- centrism. Pemikiran ini mengangkat bangsa Eropah sebagai bangsa yang hebat dan bertamadun berbanding bangsa lain hingga digelar “ambassador of civilization” iaitu penyelamat kepada bangsa yang perlu ditamadunkan.
Kata kunci: Winstedt, Pengaruh Hinduisme, Islam, Tanah Melayu, Masyarakat Melayu.
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