Learning to Draw is Learning to See : A Comprehensive Review of Art and Design Practices in Higher Education
Abstract
Practises related to learning to draw and learning to see are valuable knowledge in higher education. The drawing process can lead to improvements in visual perception, cognitive skills, and creative thinking abilities. This research presents a case for the integration of drawing practises in higher education, arguing that it can enhance students' ability to think creatively and visually, both in academic and professional pursuits. Through a comprehensive contextual analysis of the literature review from 2019 until 2023, this research examines the evidence that drawing is produced from observation and considers the wide potential implications of learning in higher education. As a result, a conceptual model is presented to explain the relationship between drawing elements and learning to see. This research concludes with a discussion of the potential benefits of incorporating drawing practises into higher education and the challenges and opportunities involved. Overall, this research contributes to supporting comprehensive art and design practises for learning to draw and learning to see and highlights the potential value of drawing in higher education.
Keywords: Art and Design, Drawing, Higher Education, Teaching and Learning, Conceptual Model
References
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Gómez-Tone, H. C., Martin-Gutierrez, J., Bustamante-Escapa, J., & Bustamante-Escapa, P. (2021). Spatial skills and perceptions of space: Representing 2D drawings as 3D drawings inside immersive virtual reality. Applied Sciences, 11(4), 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041475
Hertzmann, A. (2020). Why do line drawings work? A realism hypothesis. Perception, 49(4), 439–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006620908207
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Kędra, J., & Žakevičiūtė, R. (2019). Visual literacy practices in higher education: what, why and how?. Journal of Visual Literacy, 38(1-2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/1051144x.2019.1580438
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Leavy, P. (2020). Method meets art: Arts-based research practice. Guilford Publications.
Mela, M. M. (2022). Constructive drawing: tools and methods for creating human figures in perspective. https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/756137
McLaughlin, A., & Pak, R. (2020). Designing Displays for Older Adults. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429439674
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Panotopoulou, A., Zhang, X., Qiu, T., Yang, X. D., & Whiting, E. (2020). Tactile line drawings for improved shape understanding in blind and visually impaired users. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392388
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Shapiro, L., Bell, K., Dhas, K., Branson, T., Louw, G., & Keenan, I. D. (2020). Focused multisensory anatomy observation and drawing for enhancing social learning and three‐dimensional spatial understanding. Anatomical Sciences Education, 13(4), 488-503. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1929
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Stanyer, P., & Rosenberg, T. (2020). A Foundation Course In Drawing. Arcturus Publishing.
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Valiyev, A. N. Y., & Ibrahimova, D. H. (2021). Opportunities for the development of creativity skills of students in the process of teaching drawing science. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(3), 2201-2209. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.00843.0
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Barber, B. (2020). The Fundamentals of Drawing in Colour: A complete professional course for artists. Arcturus Publishing.
Barber, B. (2021). Advanced drawing skills: a course in artistic excellence. Arcturus Publishing.
Bear, A., & Skorton, D. (2019). The World Needs Students with Interdisciplinary Education. Issues in Science and Technology, 35(2), 60–62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26948993
Broeckelman-Post, M. A., Norander, S., Ball, T. C., Quesenberry, B. A., Adebayo, A. L., Munson, S., Collier, A. H., Stewart, B. M., & Taylor-Heflin, S. M. (2022). What communication skills do other disciplines value most? A communication across the curriculum needs analysis. Communication Education, 72(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2022.2136395
Brumberger, E. (2019). Past, present, future: Mapping the research in visual literacy. Journal of Visual Literacy, 38(3), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/1051144X.2019.1575043
Chamberlain, R., Kozbelt, A., Drake, J. E., & Wagemans, J. (2021). Learning to see by learning to draw: A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between representational drawing training and visuospatial skill. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 15(1), 76–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000243
Childs, P., Han, J., Chen, L., Jiang, P., Wang, P., Park, D., & Vilanova, I. (2022). The creativity diamond—A framework to aid creativity. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040073
Ching, F. D. (2023). Architecture: Form, space, and order. John Wiley & Sons.
Ching, F. D. (2019). Design drawing. John Wiley & Sons.
Chisolm, M. S., Kelly-Hedrick, M., & Wright, S. M. (2021). How Visual Arts–Based Education Can Promote Clinical Excellence. Academic Medicine, 96(8), 1100-1104. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003862
Crawford, R. L. (2022). The Mind’s Eyes: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Learning to Draw in Adulthood. Lesley University.
Cremin, T., & Chappell, K. (2021). Creative pedagogies: A systematic review. Research Papers in Education, 36(3), 299-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2019.1677757
Cross, N. (2023). Design thinking: Understanding how designers think and work. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Daniel, S., & Mason, R. (2020). The visual arts. In The Multicultural Dimension of the National Curriculum (pp. 145-160). Routledge.
Daston, L., & Galison, P. (2021). Objectivity. Princeton University Press.
Du Plessis, S., & Maree, D. (2019). Auditory short-term memory, visual sequential memory and inductive reasoning matter for academic achievement. EDULEARN Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.0711
Elder, L., & Paul, R. (2020). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life. Foundation for Critical Thinking.
Eren, E. T., & Yılmaz, S. (2022). The student attitudes towards digital and conventional drawing methods in environmental design studios and the impact of these techniques on academic achievement in the course. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 32(1), 617-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-020-09605-x
Fava, M. (2020). A decline in drawing ability?. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 39(2), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12255
Feigenbaum, P. (2021). Telling students it’s OK to fail, but showing them it isn’t: Dissonant paradigms of failure in higher education. Teaching and Learning Inquiry, 9(1), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.1.3
Fiebrink, R. (2019). Machine Learning Education for artists, musicians, and other creative practitioners. ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 19(4), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1145/3294008
Fiorella, L., & Kuhlmann, S. (2020). Creating drawings enhances learning by teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(4), 811–822. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000392
Fleury, S., Agnès, A., Vanukuru, R., Goumillout, E., Delcombel, N., & Richir, S. (2020). Studying the effects of Visual Movement on creativity. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 36, 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100661
Gam, H. J., & Banning, J. (2020). Teaching sustainability in fashion design courses through a zero-waste design project. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 38(3), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302x20906470
Gholam, A. (2019). Visual thinking routines: Classroom snapshots. Athens Journal of Education, 6(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.30958/aje.6-1-4
Gómez-Tone, H. C., Martin-Gutierrez, J., Bustamante-Escapa, J., & Bustamante-Escapa, P. (2021). Spatial skills and perceptions of space: Representing 2D drawings as 3D drawings inside immersive virtual reality. Applied Sciences, 11(4), 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041475
Hertzmann, A. (2020). Why do line drawings work? A realism hypothesis. Perception, 49(4), 439–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006620908207
Hills, A., & Bird, A. (2019). Against creativity. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 99(3), 694-713. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12511
Hinz, L. D. (2019). Expressive therapies continuum: A framework for using art in therapy. Routledge.
Ingeborgrud, L., Heidenreich, S., Ryghaug, M., Skjølsvold, T. M., Foulds, C., Robison, R., ... & Mourik, R. (2020). Expanding the scope and implications of energy research: A guide to key themes and concepts from the Social Sciences and Humanities. Energy Research & Social Science, 63, 101398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101398
Jonassen, D. H., & Carr, C. S. (2020). Mindtools: Affording multiple knowledge representations for learning. In Computers as cognitive tools, volume two: No more walls (pp. 165-196). Routledge.
Kędra, J., & Žakevičiūtė, R. (2019). Visual literacy practices in higher education: what, why and how?. Journal of Visual Literacy, 38(1-2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/1051144x.2019.1580438
Khalilov, R. S. (2023). Analytical Drawing in Art Education. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(4), 202-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i4.4627
Kholmuratovich, M. K., Mardanqulovich, A. S., Ravshanovich, J. R., Sharifovna, K. U., & Shodiyevna, B. O. (2020). Methodology of improving independent learning skills of future fine art teachers (on the example of still life in colorful paintings). International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(05), 285-288. https://doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201880
Leavy, P. (2020). Method meets art: Arts-based research practice. Guilford Publications.
Mela, M. M. (2022). Constructive drawing: tools and methods for creating human figures in perspective. https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/756137
McLaughlin, A., & Pak, R. (2020). Designing Displays for Older Adults. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429439674
Mills, K. A., & Brown, A. (2022). Immersive virtual reality (VR) for digital media making: transmediation is key. Learning, Media and Technology, 47(2), 179-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2021.1952428
Miranda, J., Navarrete, C., Noguez, J., Molina-Espinosa, J.-M., Ramírez-Montoya, M.-S., Navarro-Tuch, S. A., Bustamante-Bello, M.-R., Rosas-Fernández, J.-B., & Molina, A. (2021). The core components of Education 4.0 in Higher Education: Three case studies in engineering education. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 93, 107278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107278
Mukunda, N., Moghbeli, N., Rizzo, A., Niepold, S., Bassett, B., & DeLisser, H. M. (2019). Visual art instruction in medical education: A narrative review. Medical Education Online, 24(1), 1558657. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2018.1558657
Munir, F. (2022). More than technical experts: Engineering professionals’ perspectives on the role of soft skills in their practice. Industry and Higher Education, 36(3), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222211034725
Nafsika, S. S., & Soeteja, Z. S. (2021). Learning innovation of constructive drawing in one point perspective subject. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Arts and Design Education (ICADE 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210203.037
Oliveira, A. W., Brown, A. O., Zhang, W. S., LeBrun, P., Eaton, L., & Yemen, S. (2021). Fostering creativity in science learning: The potential of open-ended student drawing. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103416
Oti, A., & Crilly, N. (2021). Immersive 3D sketching tools: Implications for visual thinking and communication. Computers & Graphics, 94, 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2020.10.007
Panotopoulou, A., Zhang, X., Qiu, T., Yang, X. D., & Whiting, E. (2020). Tactile line drawings for improved shape understanding in blind and visually impaired users. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1145/3386569.3392388
Park, E. J., & Kim, M. J. (2021a). Visual Communication for Students’ Creative Thinking in the design studio: Translating filmic spaces into spatial design. Buildings, 11(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030091
Rahman, M. (2019). 21st century skill'problem solving': Defining the concept. Rahman, MM (2019). 21st Century Skill “Problem Solving”: Defining the Concept. Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(1), 64-74. https://doi.org/10.34256/ajir1917
Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I. (2020). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education, 147, 103778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778
Reavey, P. (2020). The return to experience: Psychology and the visual. In A Handbook of Visual Methods in Psychology (pp. 20-38). Routledge.
Reid, S., Shapiro, L., & Louw, G. (2019). How haptics and drawing enhance the learning of anatomy. Anatomical sciences education, 12(2), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1807
Reimers, F. M., & Chung, C. K. (Eds.). (2019). Teaching and learning for the twenty-first century: Educational goals, policies, and curricula from six nations. Harvard Education Press.
Sailsbury, M. (2022). Drawing for Illustration. Thames & Hudson.
Shaw, A. (2019). Design for motion: fundamentals and techniques of motion design. Routledge.
Shapiro, L., Bell, K., Dhas, K., Branson, T., Louw, G., & Keenan, I. D. (2020). Focused multisensory anatomy observation and drawing for enhancing social learning and three‐dimensional spatial understanding. Anatomical Sciences Education, 13(4), 488-503. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1929
Sonar, A. D., Sawant, N., Salunkhe, J., & Baraskar, S. S. (2022). Design, Development, and Validation of Hand-Eye Coordination Equipment. IETE Journal of Research, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2022.2055659
Spencer, S. (2022). Visual research methods in the social sciences: Awakening visions. Taylor & Francis.
Springer, L. (2023). The value of sketching in teaching graphic design.: Developing skills in a higher education institution. grafica, 11(21), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/grafica.254
Stanyer, P. (2020). The complete book of drawing techniques: a professional guide for the artist. Arcturus Publishing.
Stanyer, P., & Rosenberg, T. (2020). A Foundation Course In Drawing. Arcturus Publishing.
Suleiman, M. M., Yahya, A. T., & Tukur, M. (2020). Effective utilization of ICT tools in higher education. development, 2, 5. https://doi.org/10.37896/jxu14.9/061
Thurlow, L., Ford, P., & Hudson, G. (2019). Skirting the sketch: An analysis of sketch inhibition within contemporary design higher education. International Journal of Art & Design Education, 38(2), 478-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12207
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Published
2024-04-01
How to Cite
ABDULLAH, Muhammad et al.
Learning to Draw is Learning to See : A Comprehensive Review of Art and Design Practices in Higher Education.
Idealogy Journal, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, apr. 2024.
ISSN 2550-214X.
Available at: <https://idealogyjournal.com/ojs/index.php/idealogy/article/view/563>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v9i1.563.
Section
Original Articles
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